Usage: symbols = Impedance.modelComponents(modelNumber);
Returns an array of the parameter symbols, as listed in ImpedSpecCircuitModels.pdf, for a circuit selected from the range of precompiled circuit models. The model number is entered via the argument modelNumber.
Warburg Coefficient, σ
public static double warburgSigma(double electrodeArea, double oxidantDiffCoeff, double reductantDiffCoeff, double oxidantConcn, double reductantConcn, int electronsTransferred)
Usage: cap = Impedance.warburgSigma(electrodeArea, oxidantDiffCoeff, reductantDiffCoeff, oxidantConcn, reductantConcn, electronsTransferred);
Returns the warburg coefficient, σ,
of elecrtode area, A square metres, [argument electrodeArea], oxidant diffusion coefficient, Do square metres per second, [argument oxidantDiffCoeff], reductant diffusion coefficient, Dr square metres per second, [argument reductantDiffCoeff], oxidant concentration at the electrode surface, C*o moles per cubic metre, [argument oxidantConcn], reductant concentration at the electrode surface, C*r moles per cubic metre, [argument reductantConcn] and the number of electrons transferred in the electrochemical reaction, nr, [argument electronsTransferred].
Parallel Plate Capacitance
The plate area may be entered as an area or, additionally for rectangular plates, as a length and a width.
public static double parallelPlateCapacitance(double plateArea, double plateSeparation, double relativePermittivity)
Usage: cap = Impedance.parallelPlateCapacitance(plateArea, plateSeparation, relativePermittivity);
Returns the capacitance, C in farads,
C = Aεoεr/d
of a parallel plate capacitor of plate area, A square metres, [argument plateArea], plate separation d metres, [argument plateArea] and dielectric relative electrical permittivity, εr [argument relativePermittivity]. See classes Water for the relative permittivity of water. Plate edge effects are ignored.
public static double parallelPlateCapacitance(double plateLength, double plateWidth, double plateSeparation, double relativePermittivity)
Usage: cap = Impedance.parallelPlateCapacitance(plateLength, plateWidth, plateSeparation, relativePermittivity);
Returns the capacitance, C in farads,
C = lwεoεr/d
of a parallel plate capacitor of plate length, l metres, [argument plateLength], plate width, w metres, [argument plateWidth], plate separation d metres, [argument plateArea] and dielectric relative electrical permittivity, εr [argument relativePermittivity]. See classes Water for the relative permittivity of water. Plate edge effects are ignored.
Coaxial Cylinders - Capacitance
public static double coaxialCapacitance(double cylinderLength, double innerRadius, double outerRadius, double relativePermittivity)
Usage: cap = Impedance.coaxialCapacitance(cylinderLength, innerRadius, outerRadius, relativePermittivity);
Returns the capacitance, C in farads, of two coaxial cylinders,
C = 2lπεoεr/ln(router/router)
where l is the length of the cylinders in metres [argument cylinderLength], rinner is the radius from the coaxial centre point to the outer surface of the inner cylinder in metres [argument innerRadius], router is the radius from the coaxial centre point to the inner surface of the outer cylinder in metres[argument outerRadius] and εr is relative electrical permittivity of the dielectric between the inner and outer cylinders [argument relativePermittivity]. Cylinder end effects are ignored.
Parallel Wires - Capacitance
public static double parallelWiresCapacitance(double wireLength, double wireRadius, double wireSeparation, double relativePermittivity)
Usage: cap = Impedance.parallelWiresCapacitance(wireLength, wireRadius, wireSeparation, relativePermittivity);
Returns the capacitance, C in farads, of two parallel wires,
C = lπεoεr/ln((d - r)/r)
where l is the length of the wires in metres [argument wireLength], r is the radius of the wires in metres [argument wiresRadius], d is the separation distance of the wires, measured from the centres of the wires, in metres [argument wireSeparation] and εr is relative electrical permittivity of the dielectric surrounding the wires [argument relativePermittivity]. It is assumed that the wires have identical radii and that the this radius is much smaller than the distance between the wires (no polarisation effects are considered) and wire end effects are ignored.
Parallel Plates - Inductance
public static double parallelPlateInductance(double plateLength, double plateWidth, double plateSeparation, double relativePermeability)
Usage: ind = Impedance.parallelPlateInductance(plateLength, plateWidth, plateSeparation, relativePermeability);
Returns the inductance, L in henries,
L = ldμoμr/w
of a parallel plates of plate length, l metres, [argument plateLength], plate width, w metres, [argument plateWidth], plate separation d metres, [argument plateArea] and μr is relative magnetic permeability of the material between the plates [argument relativePermeability]. Plate edge effects are ignored.
Coaxial Cylinders - Inductance
public static double coaxialInductance(double cylinderLength, double innerRadius, double outerRadius, double relativePermeability)
Usage: ind = Impedance.coaxialInductance(cylinderLength, innerRadius, outerRadius, relativePermeability);
Returns the capacitance, L in henrys, of two coaxial cylinders,
L = lμoμr ln(router/router)/(2π)
where l is the length of the cylinders in metres [argument cylinderLength], rinner is the radius from the coaxial centre point to the outer surface of the inner cylinder in metres [argument innerRadius], router is the radius from the coaxial centre point to the inner surface of the outer cylinder in metres[argument outerRadius] and μr is relative magnetic permeability of the material between the inner and outer cylinders [argument relativePermeability]. Cylinder end effects are ignored.
Parallel Wires - Inductance
public static double parallelWiresInductance(double wireLength, double wireRadius, double wireSeparation, double relativePermeability)
Usage: ind = Impedance.parallelWiresInductance(wireLength, wireRadius, wireSeparation, relativePermeability);
Returns the capacitance, L in henrys, of two parallel wires,
L = lμoμrln((d - r)/r)/π
where l is the length of the wires in metres [argument wireLength], r is the radius of the wires in metres [argument wiresRadius], d is the separation distance of the wires, measured from the centres of the wires, in metres [argument wireSeparation] and μr is relative magnetic permeability of the material surrounding the wires [argument relativePermeability]. It is assumed that the wires have identical radii and that the this radius is much smaller than the distance between the wires (no polarisation effects are considered) and wire end effects are ignored.
Magnitudes and phases
public static double getMagnitude(Complex variable)
Usage: mag = Impedance.getMagnitude(complexVariable);
Returns the modulus, i.e. the magnitude, of a complex variable [complexVariable].
public static double getPhaseRad(Complex variable)
Usage: phaseRadians = Impedance.getPhaseRad(complexVariable);
Returns the argument, i.e. the phase, in radians, of a complex variable [complexVariable].
public static double getPhaseDeg(Complex variable)
Usage: phaseDegrees = Impedance.getPhaseDeg(complexVariable);
Returns the argument, i.e. the phase, in degrees, of a complex variable [complexVariable].
Conversions
public static Complex polarRad(double magnitude, double phaseRad)
Usage: complexVariable = Impedance.polarRad(magnitude, phaseRadians);
Converts the phasor of magnitude, magnitude, and phase in radians, phaseRadians, to the rectangular complex variable, complexVariable,
magnitude.cos(phaseRadians) + j.magnitude.sin(phaseRadians).
public static Complex polarDeg(double magnitude, double phaseDeg)
Usage: complexVariable = Impedance.polarDeg(magnitude, phaseDegrees);
Converts the phasor of magnitude, magnitude, and phase in degrees, phaseDegrees, to the rectangular complex variable, complexVariable,
magnitude.cos(2.π.phaseDegrees/180) + j.magnitude.sin(2.π.phaseDegrees/180).
Frequency (Hz) to radial frequency
public static double frequencyToRadialFrequency(double freq)
Usage: radial = Impedance.frequencyToRadialFrequency(freq);
Converts the argument, freq, a frequency in Hz, to the corresponding radial frequency and returns that value in radians per second.
Radial frequency to frequency
public static double radialfrequencyToFrequency(double rad)
Usage: freq = Impedance.radialFrequencyToFrequency(rad);
Converts the argument, rad, a radial frequency in radians per second, to the corresponding frequency and returns that value in Hz.
Resistance of metals and alloys
The methods in this section all return the resistance of a wire or plate of the named metal or alloy given the length l [argument length] in metres, cross-sectional area A [argument area] in square metres and the temperature T [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius. The resistivity data [resistivity, ρ and the temperature coefficient, α] is taken from the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Publishing Company, Cleveland, Ohio, 37th Edition, 1955. The resistance, R is calculated as
R = (ρ.l / A)[1 + α(T - T20)]
where T20 is 20 degrees celsius, the temperature at which ρ and α were determined. Thus the calculation will become less accurate the further the supplied temperature T is from 20 degrees Celsius.
Aluminium
public static double resistanceAluminium(double length, double area, double tempC)
public static double resistanceAluminum(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceAluminium(length, area, tempC);
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceAluminum(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of aluminium (aluminum) of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Antimony
public static double resistanceAntimony(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceAntimony(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of antimony of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Brass - average value
public static double resistanceBrass(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceBrass(length, area, tempC);
Returns the average resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of brass of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius. The resistivity, ρ, used in the calculation, 7.4 x 10−8, is the mean of a range of 6.4 x 10−8 to 8.4 x 10−8 ohms.metre.
Cobalt
public static double resistanceCobalt(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceCobalt(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of cobalt of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Constantan - 60% Cu, 40% Ni
public static double resistanceConstantan(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceConstantan(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of constantan of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Copper - annealed
public static double resistanceAnnealedCopper(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceAnnealedCopper(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of annealed copper of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Copper - hard drawn
public static double resistanceHardDrawnCopper(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceAnnealedCopper(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire of hard drawn copper of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
German silver - 18% Ni
public static double resistancegermanSilver(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistancegermanSilver(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of German silver of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Gold
public static double resistanceGold(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceGold(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of gold of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Iron - 99.98%
public static double resistanceIron(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceIron(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of iron of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Lead
public static double resistanceLead(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceLead(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of lead of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Magnesium
public static double resistanceMagnesium(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceMagnesium(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of magnesium of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Manganin - 84% Cu, 12% Mn, 4% Ni
public static double resistanceManganin(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceManganin(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of manganin of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Mercury
public static double resistanceMercury(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceMercury(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a plug of mercury of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Molybdenum
public static double resistanceMolybdenum(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceMolybdenum(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of molybdenum of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Monel Metal
public static double resistanceMonelMetal(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceMonelMetal(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of monel metal of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Nichrome™
public static double resistanceNichrome(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceNichrome(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of Nichrome™ of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Nickel
public static double resistanceNickel(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceNickel(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of nickel of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Palladium
public static double resistancePalladium(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistancePalladium(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of palladium of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Phosphor Bronze
public static double resistancePhosphorBronze(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistancePhosphorBronze(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of phosphor bronze of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Platinum
public static double resistancePlatinum(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistancePlatinum(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of platinum of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Silver
public static double resistanceSilver(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceSilver(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of silver of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Steel - B B steel
public static double resistanceBBSteel(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceBBSteel(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of B B steel of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Steel - E B B steel
public static double resistanceEBBSteel(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceEBBSteel(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of E B B steel of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Steel - Manganese steel
public static double resistanceManganeseSteel(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceManganeseSteel(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of manganese steel of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Steel - Siemens-Martin steel
public static double resistanceSiemensMartinSteel(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceSiemensMartinSteel(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of Siemens-Martin steel of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Tantalum
public static double resistanceTantalum(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceTantalum(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of tantalum of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Therlo™
public static double resistanceTherlo(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceTherlo(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of Therlo™ of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Tin
public static double resistanceTin(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceTin(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of tin of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Tungsten
public static double resistanceTungsten(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceTungsten(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of tungsten of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Zinc
public static double resistanceZinc(double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistanceZinc(length, area, tempC);
Returns the resistance, in ohms, of a wire or plate of zinc of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres at a temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius.
Interconversion of resistance and resistivity
Resistivity to resistance
public static double resistivityToResistance(double rho, double length, double area)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistivityToResistance(rho, length, area)
Returns the resistance of a block of material of resistivity [argument rho] in ohm.metre, and of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres.
public static double resistivityToResistance(double rho, double alpha, double length, double area, double tempC)
Usage: resistance = Impedance.resistivityToResistance(rho, alpha, length, area, tempC)
Returns the resistance, at temperature [argument tempC] in degrees Celsius, of a block of material of resistivity [argument rho] in ohm.metre with a temperature coefficient [argument alpha] in reciprocal degrees Celsius determined at the same temperature as the resistivity, and of length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres.
Resistance to resistivity
public static double resistanceToResistivity((double resistance, double length, double area)
Usage: resistivity = Impedance.resistanceToResistivity(resistance, length, area)
Returns the resistivity of a block of material of resistance [argument resistance] in ohms, measured for length [argument length] in metres and cross-sectional area [argument area] in square metres.
OTHER CLASSES USED BY THIS CLASS
This class uses the following classes in this library:This page was prepared by Dr Michael Thomas Flanagan